Honestly, Apple is the best out there right now. They have a solid balance between services and privacy.
In some cases you mentioned, the balance is between privacy and customer convenience (why the security keys on iCloud are accessible to Apple - people want to be able to get their data back without their original device).
Well, they kind of do, but they don't value your privacy like you value your privacy.
Actually, they often value your privacy more than you do.

As an example, iOS 13’s new approach of “allow once” and “allow only when using app” as being the only location tracking options a developer can offer with a pop-up, requiring you to go to the settings app to set “allow always”.
The other thing to consider is Apple isn't a thing with standardized values. When Tim and company are gone, this could all change.
Absolutely true, however, that they have designed their systems to not capture data in the first place means that if these values change, it would only matter going forward, they would not be able to access data they never had. That is why privacy by design matters more than privacy by policy.
That's not true if you are logged into a google account on iPhone. Sorry, it's just not. They let Google have unprecedented access to user data.
Nope. They do not “let Google have unprecedented access to user data”, they let users choose to give access to their data to Google. Users have to log into a Google account and agree to share their data in various places. None of this is a default. In addition, their work on cross site tracking and browser fingerprint preventing is all designed to minimize that data leakage without active measures by the user.
They basically go "here's our default search engine, by the way for it to work best, give it access to your location data"
Nope, the give users a default search engine and let users decide to provide location data to it if they choose. As I noted, in iOS 13, they are making it even more difficult for users to provide apps location data even when they are not being used. Again, privacy by design is better than privacy by policy. If Google does not get your data, it cannot later decide to use it in a way your do not want.
Which I'm totally fine with, but don't call that a champion of privacy.
Their privacy by design approach shows them to be a champion of privacy. It is more work to solve problems without all the user data, yet that is what they design their systems to do.
As for allowing users to actively take steps (authorization dialogs, downloading apps, logging into accounts), that compromise their privacy, they do as much as they can to ensure that the user understands these choices and that they provide easy options to grant the minimum set of data gathering possible.
Again, as I pointed out earlier, they need to weigh user convenience against user privacy. I think they take money from Google to be the default search engine, because they think that is what most of their customers would want. If another search engine got to even a 25% share, they might not take the money, but as things stand, they are taking money for something that they think their customers want.