Your credit card information isn't saved to iCloud. There's a secure element in there like there is for TouchID.
Yep. The NFC Secure Element is almost certainly in the NFC chip. It's almost always either there or in the SIM.
I've yet to hear all widespread breaches of TouchID that have actually meant something other than for testing purposes.
Of course, previously there was little reason to take the time to pre-plan getting someone's print just to look at stuff on their stolen phone. Now there's monetary incentive. Should be a rare occurrence though.
Your or her credit card info won't be in iCloud.
Right, not in iCloud. It's stored in other systems, likely such as the ones at First Data, who are providing the request authentication side.
First Datas Big Role in New Apple Payment Plan