If the calendar app is NOT scanning for events or invitations and adding it but allowing the email app, web browser or website or any app to have read and write permission in an sanbox app this would be huge problem on Apple part in OS.It's a Gmail feature. But note that this is invitations of events, not calendar subscriptions.
Note the last point where you can disable the feature.Tips to manage Calendar events in Gmail - Google Workspace Learning Center
Google Workspace productivity guideOn this page Create events from your inboxsupport.google.com
If say any app can write to other app is not how iOS was built. The Gmail app, website or any app or browser should not have read or write permission to the calendar app or any app on the system.
Every thing is lock down and sanbox with iOS it not Windows 10 that can read and write access any where and allow you to save any where.
Now if it was a security vulnerability, hack or malware that is other story. But the way iOS is built one app should not be able to talk to other app. So I don’t know how this can happen.