If it has discrete AMD or NVIDIA graphics released in 2016 or later: DisplayPort 1.4.They can, yes, but how many PC’s made today actually support DisplayPort 1.4?
If it has 10th-gen or newer integrated Intel graphics: DisplayPort 1.4.
Some laptops don’t have DisplayPort, but (hopefully) USB-C with support for DisplayPort Alternate Mode.
Some systems only have a HDMI 2.0 port — those are indeed hopeless for going beyond “4K”.