Petty sure laptop batteries are much bigger with more cells which plays a difference.
I don't think the size of the battery is the issue. The core of the problem is likely driven by the way cell phone chips like Apple chips are designed. For instance, Intel laptop and desktop chips have 4 cores and have a gradual clock stop pattern where they walk up and down in a prescribed pattern.
Apple chips like the A12 Bionic have some "low clock" cores and other "high performance" cores. I'd imagine that for limited tasks the higher performance cores are completely turned off to lower battery consumption. Turning on the higher performance cores quickly though probably requires a lot of instant power and things are likely stable once they are on.
If Apple brings this design to laptops like everyone wants then we will see this issue spread to MacBooks...