One more time... No. No, they didn't.
They did make changes in an effort to firm up iPad sales, but you're wrong on two accounts
1. They didn't do it because Microsoft introduced the anything
2. Microsoft didn't introduce a tablet as a laptop replacement, the first hybrid tablet with a detachable keyboard was the Compaq TC1000 way back in 2002, a whole decade before the Surface. And there were plenty attempts after that one as well. Just as Apple didn't invent the tablet with the iPad, Microsoft didn't invent the hybrid tablet with the Surface. Also, there were several keyboard covers for the iPad before Surface was announced, so one could even argue Microsoft launched the Surface due to the design change Apple introduced to the market (which would explain why, at first, they marketed the Surface against the iPad, and not the MacBook as they do now. In fact, the reason why the Surface came with a keyboard and trackpad was because Windows was - and still is - unoptimized for touch-only use, and people wanted tablets because of iPads.)
I'm not an expert by any means, but the way I understand it - Microsoft made the Surface for strategic reasons - to integrate Windows with their own hardware, push their hardware partners into making premium devices and drive Windows sales. And Apple made the iPad Pro to try and shift the iPad towards the content creators, not just consumers. Both devices happen to have keyboard covers. They also have touchscreens and styluses.
Once again, the Surface is a great tablet, a great laptop and a great device, but I am fairly certain that we would have the same iPad Pro we have today (for better or worse), even if Microsoft didn't introduce the "design driving change" you consider the Surface to be. Both devices exist today because the world wants new form factors and new devices but refuses to bury the old ones at the same time.