But there is no reason to launch per-country, none of the other manufacturers do this. Besides, waiting is not an option, other manufacturers are releasing new phones almost on a weekly basis. People get a new phone (on average) every 12 months. By the time it hits the market in my country it's seriously outdated. I'm really overdue for a new phone myself. In hindsight, I should have gotten a new one, by the time the iPhone is available that one would have been obsolete.
Well, I'm not sure how wireless companies work in Europe, but I think Apple wants a deal with each carrier, similar to the one they got with ATT. Other manufacturers don't do this because they don't demand $9 per month per phone that's been activated. This profit sharing scheme might require country by country contracts. Don't worry about it being outdated. It won't be by the time it gets there.
Sure, but the dollar isn't worth the paper it's printed on (the euro is at 1,38 at the moment I think) so even if they did $1 = €1 like they do with Mac's we're paying almost 40% more.
Actually, the US dollar is printed on some high quality cotton, and goes through several stages before it's ready to be used. We saw an interesting video on this in my econ class. Nonetheless, no currency is worth the amount that's printed on it (with the notable exception of the US penny, which is a drain on the Bureau of Engraving and Printing), otherwise, the concept of
seigniorage wouldn't work

OK, econ lesson aside, Europeans will always pay more (by a little) because that market is more expensive. Using your own numbers, let's look at Apple's situation.
iPhone in the US sells for $400. In order to get similar margins in Europe, Apple is going to have to account for more taxes (argue all you want, Europe does have higher taxes) and is going to have to account for greater employee costs, land costs (property is more expensive in Europe, whether it's leased or bought), and regulatory policies. To be nice, let's say that all of these factors add up to be about 15%, basically, it costs 15% more to get a product to market in Europe than it does in the US. Now, factor in the exchange rate fee that Apple is going to pay (even with a bulk rate, they're looking at something around 4%-ish), and finally factor in the possibility of a change in exchange rates. Suppose the Euro falls relative to the dollar in the next few months? Apple has to be prepared for that; customers won't be happy if they go to the store and find a different price on the iPhone every week. The price point allows Apple to keep prices stable without having to worry too much about what could happen.
Oh, please! Wages etc have nothing whatsoever to do with the pricing of the iPhone in Europe. At most, it would be the cost of obtaining regulatory approval. Considering this is a commodity item, which is expected to sell in high quantities, distribution costs are marginal at best, especially if ordered online from the same Chinese factories shipping to US customers.
Apple will price higher in Europe, so that it can price lower at home. That is all.
I'll defer to my comments from above
European prices always include VAT. Here in the Netherlands that's 19% (soon to be 20%).
The question is whether the people who disclosed this news to us know that. Remember, they might have forgotton
