Once the concept, the big breakthrough is discovered, innovation and incremental engineering tends to get the idea and perfect things. If the defecting lead engineer is some kind of true genius or brilliant researcher, he may be able to innovate new and better designs consistently (but R&D is costly and time consuming regardless), and might give Intel a unique advantage. My guess is that there are a lot of skilled innovative people who, starting with the proven M1 technology will help Apple, who will continue to look for and pay the best and brightest, find vastly improved developments within the new architecture and better approaches besides. There is nothing about Intel's acquisition besides the chest thumping and gloating that indicates who will achieve the upper hand in terms of processor power and efficiency going forward. It will remain competitive and the industry back and forth will continue. And as we know, competition is good for the consumer, because it forces companies to continue innovating.