Many Macs that only have an iGPU use the iGPU to drive an external display (Mac mini, MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro 13-inch). Macs that also have a dGPU usually use the dGPU to drive external displays (I don't think there's a way for their iGPU to power an external display like you say - the iGPU can be used to drive the internal display to save power - the dGPU is used when 3D acceleration is used but that behavior can be changed with something like
gfxCardStatus). The X1E is probably like those Macs with a dGPU. Hopefully the Nvidia is connected twice to the Thunderbolt controller. Nvidia GPUs can usually drive up to 4 displays - that would allow the internal display, HDMI, and two for Thunderbolt.