It is worth considering who benefits from the 100% recycled aluminium, recycled gold plating in the circuit boards, and 100% recycled rare earth elements used in all the magnets, as well as the source of the 100% renewable electricity powering its manufacturing. While Apple makes these claims, the actual production occurs in factories, many of which are in China. This highlights the distinction between design and production in the tech industry, contributing to China's emergence as a technological leader while other nations fall behind.
The advantages of using 100% recycled materials and energy largely benefit China rather than being distributed globally. Although these materials promote sustainability, the economic gains—such as job creation and technological progress—primarily enrich Chinese manufacturers and their local economy.
As the world's largest alumina producer, China predominantly utilises its own recycled materials, allowing it to control its supply chain and ensure that the aluminium used in production is sourced locally. This strategy not only bolsters China's economy but also aligns with its sustainability objectives, minimising reliance on imports.
As Apple products are manufactured in China, they are essentially homegrown for Chinese consumers, eliminating the need for imports. While some money may still flow out of the country, the primary production and assembly occur locally, benefiting the domestic market. Any product manufactured in a country and then exported is considered an export product, regardless of the company's headquarters being in another country.
For Western consumers, the benefits may largely stem from the perception of supporting environmentally friendly practices, rather than from tangible advantages, as the recycling processes and economic gains are mainly concentrated in China.