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Finder > View > Show View Options. Check "Show Item Info".

For the Dock: Apple Menu > Dock > Position On Left

Hope that helps.
 
Right-click on desktop > Show view options > Show item info ...

:apple: > Dock > Position on left.
 
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For the icon just highlight it then go to view and show view options, choose show item info.

As for the dock that is the default right or left dock. If you go to the dock pref. In the system pref you can tell it what side of the screen to put it on.
 
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