Excellent questions. From what I can tell, charging goes into a “steady-state” mode at that time, where the Mac is powered by AC power, and the battery is allowed to drain naturally (very slowly, since there is no power being drawn from the battery at that time), while slightly charging as necessary just enough to hold the specified charge limit.
There must be some kind of mechanism (firmware, etc.) that makes the logical decision when the Mac is powered down as to whether the battery still needs to draw AC power to charge or not. Otherwise, it would charge excessively, which is not good for the battery either.
As to whether that firmware is now controlled by the battery charging limit that the user sets in macOS 26.4 and above, it seems unclear. From what I can tell so far, the Mac just charges fully when it is powered off and connected to AC power, regardless of the limit that the user sets. It’s still a little early to tell, though. Maybe other users can share their experience here.
I also completely shut down my Macs after using them, and shut off the AC power delivered to the machines as well. One user here dogmatically said to stop that habit, without giving any reason, but I don’t see that it causes any harm whatsoever, and it saves a modicum of electricity as well. After all, what is the point of powering a device at all when you’re not using it?
Okay, since yesterday I managed to find some stuff from Apple as well as the community here and there. I recommend a full read, but I will pin the relevant for this topic.
So let's start with Apple Official Support:
From "
Maximizing Battery Life and Lifespan" scrolling all way down to heading -
Store it half-charged when you store it long term. First bullet point.
- Do not fully charge or fully discharge your device’s battery — charge it to around 50%. If you store a device when its battery is fully discharged, the battery could fall into a deep discharge state, which renders it incapable of holding a charge. Conversely, if you store it fully charged for an extended period of time, the battery may lose some capacity, leading to shorter battery life.
- What I would like to know what is "long term storage"? A couple days or months?
From "
Change Battery settings on a Mac laptop" under
Charging.
- Optimized Battery Charging: To reduce battery aging, have your Mac learn your daily charging routine. Then your Mac delays charging past 80% when it predicts that you’ll be plugged in for an extended period of time, and aims to fully charge the battery before you unplug.
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- On Apple Community there's a
post (this is before the Tahoe 26.4 patch btw) by
Lawrence Finch and
Mac Jim ID. They make the same statement, that MacOS has to have time to learn how we charge (which naturally includes when we unplug or plug)
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I saved the last one which from
MacPowerUsers. A reply by
geoffaire.
"If you follow the advice, it suggests that if you use it regularly connected to a charger (dock or otherwise) it’ll only charge to 80% which would maximise the value of the battery life (versus it being constantly charged to 100%
When they talk about not charging it regularly to 100% they mean doing that then powering it down and leaving it charged to 100% as this damages the battery. If your MacBook is on, macOS will manage this for you."
- Same thread and by
geoffaire:
And therefore it seems (but I nevertheless can be wrong here) the answer is: Yes, if most of the time you use MacBook at home, it is best to use it plugged in.
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The MacPowerUsers thread is the ONLY one where I can find that having it shutdown is not a good idea (in terms of charging that is)
Perhaps this is best tradeoff? Shutdown and charging to 100% full will degrade the battery faster
versus putting our MacBooks to sleep (yes it still drains a bit battery). The latter is merciful on our batteries compared to the former. I still don't know if the charge limit doesn't work due to being shutdown or MacOS needs more time for it to learn and predict my charging behavior. And can it learn while the MacBook is shutdown?
Curious to hear what you think.