YFYI, some data points:
I had the exact flicker problem as described here with
two different MBPs, both 13" touchbar, one from late 2016, the other from mid 2018.
Each of these machines had another problem (obviously: broken keyboard in the MBP 2016, less obvious but apparently quite common, too: swollen battery in the MBP 2018). So I brought both for repair last week, also mentioning the flickering. Both came back with new top case
and new display (but original logic board).
And guess what, the flickering is
not gone (both MBPs are still running Mojave). I did expect this, thanks to
@0906742's careful observations as reported in this thread. And I can confirm now that this is certainly not a display problem, nor a display flat cable problem.
Theoretically, it could still be a logic board problem, because these were not replaced. But I think
@0906742 was right all along - this is software. Furthermore, I guess it is related with sleep/wake, because what I found immediately makes the flicker go away for me is a quick sleep and wake cycle. It looks to me as if there is a possibility of a "bad wake", where some display timing gets and remains off track. The probability of a "bad wake" however is low, so a sleep/wake cycle has a good chance to fix it.
I'll not rush installing macOS
Vista Catalina, so I'll have some more opportunities for observing this ;-)