You most probably never had an opportunity to look at a display with angular resolution of 300+ pixels per degree at normal distance. They [participants in the study] had.
First, difference isn't minimal. Difference is very big. You could say difference between 100 and 400 pixels per degree isn't huge. However, there still is a difference and that difference matters. Why? Here's a quote:
"The higher the angular resolution, the greater the sense of realness, and the sense greatly saturates above about 60 cpd [120 ppd]; above 155 cpd [310 ppd] - images are essentially indistinguishable from the real object."
Image
Not seeing pixelation doesn't mean your eyes can't appreciate higher resolution image, as pointed out by graphs up there.
It makes a difference since higher brightness levels usually mean higher contrast. Higher the contrast - pixels are distinguished more easily. If you need proof, ask.
Did you mess up your red/blue color dots on the enlarged graph? I think as is it is saying that the current imac appears more real than both the double resolution imac, and the retina ipad. Switch the red/blue on the legend and it makes sense.
anti aliasing needs to die.
Remember how people cared about laser printers that do 1200 dpi vs 600 dpi? I don't remember anyone saying 300 dpi is enough....