The button battery generates hydroxide ions at the negative pole once ingested. This accumulation of hydroxide produces a localised alkaline corrosive injury with tissue liquefactions and necrosis (remember aLkaLine caustics lead to Liquefaction necrosis). Corrosive injury can develop within 2 hours of lodgement. The severity of injury is all dependent on the size of the battery, current produced, length of time it is lodged. Complications include oesophageal perforation, tracheal-oesophageal fistula, aorta-oesophageal fistula and stricture formation.
Delayed presentations may result in cardiovascular collapse from haemorrhage or sepsis and should be managed along conventional lines. Another possibility would be respiratory distress from a trachea-oesophageal fistula.
Source:
https://litfl.com/button-battery-update/