I put a 15'' MBP (1440x900) next to a retina MBP ('best for retina') to compare identical images (Safari). The difference was very noticeable, plumage and fur is less detailed due to upscaling and as long as Photoshop is not updated it is very likely that one would oversharpen images when processing RAW/TIFF files. I use i1 Display Pro to calibrate, it is not a contrast issue. I'd love to get a rMBP once all the upscale issues are sorted out.
I don't understand what you are talking about.
If you display an image in Safari or in a retina-enabled application, at 'best for retina', you will see pixel-wise exactly what you would see by having a native 2880x1800.
There is no upscaling at all, just downscaling, if the image is bigger than that.
Remember that retina-enabled application can use 1:1 pixel display because they are aware of the real 2880x1800 resolution.
If you take a 2880x1800 picture and display it full-screen on a retina-enabled application, you will see exactly one pixel of the image for one pixel of the screen, a perfect 1 to 1 mapping.
A different thing would be on the 'scaled' resolution such as 1920x1200, where it renders at 3840x2400 (again, with NO upscaling if the image is big enough to have more than 3840x2400 pixels) and then downscale it to 2880x1800, but it should still be on-par or better than just displaying it with direct down-scale at 1920x1200.
It all depends on the quality of the downscaling algorithm: the one used by OS X to downscale 3840x2400 to 2880x1800 VS the one used by the program to directly scale the image to 1920x1200. The quality could be better or worse, depends on the implementation, but usually DOWNscaling is a easy enough task that most implementation do things in a very high quality approach with very little if any at all difference in quality.
If instead you were meaning with non retina-enabled application, then yes, the upscaling + downscaling could be worse than just a plain native 1440x900.
Then you have 3 possible solutions:
A) Uncheck the 'Open in HiDPI mode' hack to force the application to render in normal mode and use 1:1 pixel mapping, at the cost of having a very tiny user interface & icons
B) Wait for the application retina update, if it ever comes
C) Find an alternative application which is retina-ready
A is always a possibility, C most of the time it doesn't apply or has serious limitations, for B it's all a matter of time. How much, we cannot really tell.