or that the problem occurs from interaction between unexpected relationships between components.
Excellent point. Also, those separate components might be very well developed by different teams. A particular bug might be higher priority for one team and lower for another team. All parties have to coordinate on a final solution.
The current bug is probably challenging for Apple to solve quickly, or else it would already be done. On one hand, there's Time Machine, which cannot cope with the some files being locked. On the other, they have some file locking strategy that many components depend on. Certain files becoming inaccessible to certain processes after the user interface is locked could be due to some new security posture. They might have to think very carefully how to resolve it and how to coordinate the release of the solution across the involved components.