Since both this and disconnecting USB power altogether fixed the issue, I'd say that in some setups you have a ground loop (multiple paths to earth ground with different impedance). Ground loops can create electrical noise which interferes with sensitive things like touch ID sensors or makes audible noise in audio circuits.
(My hypothesis is that swapping from the 3 pin AC extender to the 2 pin plug helped by removing a ground connection and thus broke the ground loop - 3 pin is grounded, 2 pin is not.)
Take a look at all the things that might be electrically connected to the MacBook when you were experiencing this issue. How might they all be connected to the ground of an electrical outlet? Are there multiple outlets involved? Multiple power strips? Generally speaking, you avoid ground loops through practices like making sure that all AC-powered peripherals attached to a computer (and the computer itself) get power directly from the same power strip.