TRIM is not supported via USB3.
But... don't worry about it.
I booted and ran my 2012 Mini via an SSD in a USB3/SATA dock from the moment I took it "out of the box" in January 2013. It ran as my "main Mac" until April this year (replaced by a 2018 Mini). More than SIX YEARS.
It ALWAYS ran fast, never slowed down, never crashed, and is STILL running great as "a backup" over on the other table.
TRIM was NEVER used and was NEVER an issue for me.
NEVER.
Let others blather on about the importance of TRIM.
It is "much ado about nothing".
But... don't worry about it.
I booted and ran my 2012 Mini via an SSD in a USB3/SATA dock from the moment I took it "out of the box" in January 2013. It ran as my "main Mac" until April this year (replaced by a 2018 Mini). More than SIX YEARS.
It ALWAYS ran fast, never slowed down, never crashed, and is STILL running great as "a backup" over on the other table.
TRIM was NEVER used and was NEVER an issue for me.
NEVER.
Let others blather on about the importance of TRIM.
It is "much ado about nothing".