1. The numbers are from the same report.
2. Apple doesn't sell low-end phones, I think you meant mid-range. A range in which Android phones are outselling iOS phones 10 to 1. And based on those numbers and the high-end numbers (1.7 to 1), I'd guess that Android is selling quite a number of high priced mid-range phones.
3. On its own. That was a mistake years ago with the Macintosh, and it's still a mistake. The difference now is that Apple has a lot more money, so the company is going to go belly up anytime soon despite what some seem to believe. But Android is gaining, has surpassed iOS in a number of metrics and continues to surpass iOS in other.
Edit:
4. There has been earlier reports that one third of the Samsung phones sold are high-end. With 74.3 million phones sold, that would mean that Samsung sold 24.5 million high-end phones. Samsung has been losing market share, and the question is if it's in the low-end range, mid-range, high-range, or evenly. (if it's in the low-end and mid-range, then that would mean that its share of high-end phones have gone up) But lets assume that one third is still correct, then the 24.5 million is about 5 million less than Apple sold. And Samsung did that ON THEIR OWN...