It’s not necessarily the same tech. Home broadband will likely use more, smaller, and shorter wavelength 5G cell sites. Shorter wavelengths (higher frequency) offer higher bandwidth, but shorter range. Instead of laying fiber or copper to individual homes, Verizon can put some cell sites to serve a neighborhood or couple of blocks with home internet service.
5G sites intended for phone service will be taller, lower frequency, and will need to cover a wider area and number of devices at a time.
But even if there were no technological differences, there’s no reason they would have the same data caps for home vs phone 5G access based on competition and markets. Caps for phone plans are around 20GB. Caps for home internet (cable, fiber, DSL) are around 1TB. If Verizon offered home 5G with a 20GB cap, no one would subscribe because that’s not what the market demands, and where there is completion, there are better offerings.
Likewise, Verizon wouldn’t need to offer phone plans with a 1TB data cap, because their service would suffer and since no competitors offer anything approaching that (yet), they don’t have a need to invest the billions necessary to make such a cap feasible.