I don't thing this is true a refurbished apple devices.
Even China fake repair can apply back the epoxy to the board and no cosmetic difficult, it should repaired by bad guy.
For the device like this will not run long enough and very high risk require repair within one year,
no point of Apple sale this for official refurbished.
However, I know that Foxconn will sale damaged iPhone in China as named "Refurbished",
and those is truly second hand and used iPhone sourced from user in Apple by "Trading new machine".
If you buy the machine insurance within USA, if you damaged the machine and claim it, mostly the insurance company will give back you a very bad second hand with fake parts (like housing, microphone, cable ...) machine repair in China and final assembled in Hong Kong (Those is FAKE phone, China gov. don't allow export directly, so parts Made in China and final assemble in Hong Kong for legal issue (In HK their legal permit to make fake phone but not allow sale it so those company made in HK and export back to America), only board is genuine but second hand).