I remember hard drives back in the 80s and I have never heard of such a thing.
This sounds like similar sort of snake oil as that used to sell high end HDMI cables.
Not really. Most people didnt need this, but again - if you are recording a video stream, which approaches throughput of the drive, and theres no buffering - then it helped. Google should find references to these devices. As device capacities increased, and the controllers had their own (few) megabyte caches, the distinction all but disappeared. Nowadays, I think most drives have at least a few megabytes of cache (which causes a lot of complexity for high-availability data center quality devices).
Problems today, arise when the drive has ACKed the write to the drive but the data hasnt made it to the platter. Cheap drives can lead to corruption in the event of powerfail since the OS "believes" the drive to have committed the data. High end NAS type kit uses battery backed SD or RAM to ensure even in the event of a power fail, committed data is "truly committed".
The use of SD as a large cache for the drives today, is predicated on what happens during powerfail. Many of us "dont care", but those living in areas where black/brownouts happen frequently, either need a proper power backup solution, or hope they werent writing metadata to the disk when it failed. (Many OS's, including Linux/Mac/Windows, use journalling file systems to avoid the bad-old days of fsck).
Apologies, am going off topic. Just waiting for my raspberry pi to boot...whilst waiting to decide what imac to order...