Sorry for the confusion, let me try again. There are three main things that reduce lithium ion cell life:
- Number of cyces (500 is ideal)
- Age since manufacter (they start to deteriorate before coming out of the factory)
- Time spent away from ideal/storage voltage (4.0 volts)
Theres not much to be done about cycles, its simply how much you need the device. Theres nothing to be done about age, its simply how long youve had it + how old it was when you bought it. But that last one can be helped. Lithium ion cells operate between about 3.0 and 4.2 volts. Depending on the nature of the particular chemestry and design of the device, 0% may be anywhere between 2.5v and 3.5v. 100% is 4.2v across most systems and chemestries. But all lithium ion cells prefer being around 4.0v most of the time. Above this voltage reduces cell life and below this voltage reduces cell life. Charging a cell to 4.1v instead of 4.2v, for example, can double the cells life while only sacrificing about 10% of the cells per charge runtime.
The problem is that Apple doesnt offer a charge to 4.0v option, nor even the ability to know which % shown equals 4.0v. When you plug it in before a trip, it charges to 4.2. When you leave your iPad plugged in over the weekend, it charges to and stays at 4.2 for a weekend. When you leave your MacBook plugged for an entire month, it charges to and stays at 4.2 for an entire month. The more you do this, the sooner and farther your cell's capacity will fall. To reduce exposure to 4.2v, I unplug my devices as soon as they are charged. Natural use then reduces time above 4.0 and increases time near 4.0.
The best trick for keeping a battery healthy is unplugging power as soon as you hit 100%.
I've got two iPod touch, 4th gen, that I bought at the same time. One has been in a dock since I bought it, always on, used pretty much daily. The other was used by my wife, no more than a few hours per week, never being charged even overnight, and almost never hitting 0 %. We went on holidays earlier this year and brought both (I never bring smartphones on holidays, I get too distracted and the kids suffer, but I still want to play games and such in the evenings
The one that had been in the dock kept a charge a lot better than the wife's.
I've got an MBP, bought in 2011, that is plugged in pretty much 24/7 and used as a desktop computer. It still lasts me a full working day (about six hours) in the library when I need to do research. 93 % battery health after 283 cycles according to CoconutBattery.
My old, trusty 3GS still has (according to iBackupBot) 90 % battery health (1081/1200) after 542 cycles, and I've always charged it overnight, and kept it in the charger when I'm at the desk.
I might be lucky, but in case it really was that bad to charge the phone overnight, wouldn't Apple advise against it?
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That's not really true either. While it might still have a bit to charge in that last 100%, it certainly isn't something that takes even close to 1 hour, nor is it an amount of charge that will result any real noticeable lengthening of ("per-charge") battery life.
According to iOS 6 (that still had the plug), it took about 20 minutes to charge to full after hitting 100 %. Doing this increases the time it takes for the meter to hit 99 % after taking it off the charger, so even if it doesn't make a huge difference at the end of the day, it's definitely something that can make one believe that it does.