I think this, uh, price controversy is largely due to what comes down to a miscalculation on Apple's part of the way the market feels towards Apple products right now..
I'm far from an expert in the field, but it seems to me that the costs of producing an international mass-market product have somewhat been abstracted away from the setting of the price at which the final product is positioned in the market at. By that I mean to say it's probably no longer any specific kind of increase (or decrease) in the costs of components or R &D that directly and necessarily impact on what price they choose to sell the product at. I think at this level of product, these costs are absorbed (even if they are taken into consideration), and the more important factor is really what they believe the entire product range _should_ be priced at, based on probably very sophisticated research of what the market will bear.
A few years back there was quite a concerted effort (if I remember correctly) by Apple to come across as far more competitive on a feature-by-feature/price comparison to other choices on the market. They even made a point of bringing it up in some of their product launches, and there seemed to be an official line in the press showing that Apple were actively trying to address this feeling that their products were more expensive for no reason. At the time though, (again if I remember correctly), they were really in that major push to own the smart phone market, and they were at the time nowhere near the "mainstream" company that they have since become. So in retrospect it seems like at that specific time, it was very important to them to temper their reputation for elite products with a sense that they were good value for money as well. The term "aggressive pricing" was thrown around a lot then, if not directly said by Apple (although I do recall Phil Schiller using that term once), they certainly welcomed that kind of talk. This was also at a time when the market was still going nuts around the idea of the "sub $1000 netbook", and Apple didn't have a strong presence anywhere near that area. Also, importantly, the notebook line-up they had at the time was already mature and stable for some time, so there was really not a great deal of fiercely marketable innovation they could point to in order to really stir the market into a frenzy to pay premium prices. They were more concerned about creating this frenzy in the new product categories they were pushing out - the iPhone and iPad. So for many reasons it was a smart time to project an image of price-reasonability for what you got in the notebook space.
Now what I think has happened is that (probably incorrectly), Apple have made the internal decision that they've significantly enhanced the category again and so going on past experience, they've gone for pricing that reflects what they've been able to set for other times they were on the edge of the envelope with their range. Problem with this is, they might think that's what they've just launched, but a lot of customers don't seem to think so. The other side-effect of a premium pricing model for a product range is that it consolidates a sense of superior quality in the marketplace, which has been a very important factor in creating the famous "halo" effect on to the rest of Apple's product range. I think Apple have never felt comfortable coming across as too competitive with pricing, it goes against their quality premium brand. So they were probably eager to get back to slightly higher pricing again as soon as they felt they could justify it. Where I think they've miscalculated though is that the halo effect never came from premium pricing alone. It also (and in large part) came from the fierce loyalty and clear example of satisfaction shown by professional users in a number of key industries - photography, media, editing, music production, design etc etc. These users were never won over solely by class-leading design or even by an OS they broadly preferred. And definitely not by the just because it costs more argument, which can work with the tacky nouveau-riche market. They were won over by what felt for many years like a covenant between Apple and them to provide machines that truly supported their needs, software and specific configuration requirements. Not just in terms of pure specs (because that has always been hit and miss), but in broader terms - a kind of "sure, maybe it's missing that one port I could use, but the whole deal just _works_ and is so much better than the alternative" deal.
So who knows how it will play out? Doesn't seem to me like a redesign with some new innovation (that users arguably wanted or don't care about) is necessarily the kind of understanding the real Apple aficionados signed up for and have been shown to be willing to pay more for in the past. Many of these users are approaching intervention-level fear for their friend Apple who seems to be suffering from some kind of dangerous industrial design anorexia, wilfully ignoring to give customers a 32GB RAM option (that they actually are asking for) and giving them instead a trimmer chassis by a bunch of millimetres (that nobody seems to specifically be asking for). One can only wonder if they're going to be able to maintain this halo effect of "real" power-users for much longer. They risk creating a very different kind of halo effect - a much tackier bling bling one. If the users who made the products so hyped because they really were the people out there making our cool music, movies, fashion shoots and so on, move to something else, then maybe the only high-end users they'll have left will be just people with more money than sense... That would be a real shame, after all these years of creative (and other) industry support.