I'll add this: if you're running more than 1 virtual machine (to do any sort of serious workload), you'd be insane not to spend the extra for 16gb of ram, if it is available in your chosen machine. 8gb is usable, but more is better.
Otherwise, well... its simple math:
RAM needed for you = RAM needed for each and every VM + RAM needed for OS X.
OS X on a spinning disk runs like crap these days on 2GB. 2gb is about the minimum usable for a Windows 7 VM to do much at any sort of decent speed.
So thats 4gb to run 1 VM with the rest of the machine running like crap, before you start. Want to run 3 VMs (say, a Linux web server, Windows XP and Windows 7 - to test your website on all common platforms - not an uncommong workload)?
1gb for XP + 2gb for Windows 7 + 1gb for Linux + 4gb for OS X to run half decently = 8gb. And thats before running any other memory intensive apps under OS X.
How about simulating a network with GNS3 and a couple of VMs?
Well, GNS3 needs a few GB to simulate a few routers (lets be generous and call it 2gb), 2 Windows VMs on each side of a network = 2gb, plus 2gb for your Mac to continue working = 6gb
And thats a very basic network.
Don't even get me started on editing HD video (off your phone) or playing with ableton live, etc.
And that's TODAY
Requirements will only go up over the next couple of years - when 16gb of RAM is running you $100, you can bet that optimising for RAM usage will go out the window (relatively speaking) and developers will be using more RAM for caching (optimising for speed), sandboxing (security), etc.
Oh sure, you can swap to SSD to make OS X not run like crap (after all, this is the MBA forum and they all come with SSD), but SSD wears out. It has a limited number of writes. Minimise the writes to it, buy more RAM. To get an SSD big enough for that sort of thing is prohibitively expensive, anyway. Better off buying a hybrid or spinning disk and throwing RAM at it.
Its not so much that 8gb is mandatory - but buying 4gb (or less!) and future-crippling your machine, when 8 or 16 is like... 5-10% more money is well.... stupid.
edit:
and before people say "buy a workstation for that!"
it isn't needed.
none of those tasks need masses of CPU power or GPU. a laptop will do those tasks just fine, FAR more cheaply by just putting some RAM in it. I know this, because it's what I use my MBP and work PC laptop for.
And even if they did need CPU, the mobile i7s are just as fast as the workstations from a couple of years ago anyway. They're not slow.