The current requirement for Yosemite is 2GB, meaning that if you have 2GB, you can run the OS and still get some useful work done.
Ballpark guess, that might mean that the OS takes up 1GB and then you have 1GB available for your software.
So if you have 4GB RAM, that means you have twice the minimum necessary and (hypothetically) three times the amount of memory that Apple thinks you might need to do something useful.
That's not going to become outdated soon.
2GB is terribly slow when you have a hard disk drive. 2GB might be ok on the Air because of the flash.