I can tell my limited perspective from owning a mid 2010 MacBook Pro 13", model 7.1. Text in italic is copied from other sources because I'm not a native english speaker and it describes the incompatibilities I am referring to probably better that I can do.
Booting
Intel Macs can boot in two ways: directly via EFI, or in a "legacy" BIOS compatibility mode. For multibooting, holding down "Option" gives a choice of bootable devices, while the rEFIt(discontinued) / rEFInd bootloader is commonly used for added configurability.
Standard Live USBs cannot be used on IntelMacs; the EFI firmware can recognize and boot from USB drives, but it can only do this in EFI mode–when the firmware switches to BIOS mode, it no longer recognizes USB drives, due to lack of a BIOS-mode USB driver. Many operating systems, such as Windows and Linux,[1] can only be booted in BIOS mode, or are more easily booted or perform better when booted in BIOS mode, and thus USB booting on IntelMacs is largely limited to Mac OS X, which can easily be booted via EFI. This limitation could be fixed by either patching the Apple firmware to include a USB driver in BIOS mode, or the operating systems to remove the dependency on the BIOS.