A power surge would only kill the power adapter (see quote below). A lightning strike would kill the laptop and power adapter but since he only mentioned inside the laptop was affected so a power surge wouldn't be the cause.
He's driving two monitors so more load which translates to more heat. Excessive heat is known to cause a short which fries component and hence zap.
Curious if he was using default or custom fan profile (OP replied that he was using default). Maybe something to consider as a precaution.
"The laptop itself will normally be protected from most surges that a surge protector will trap by its mains adapter. The adapter may die with a surge, but because of the way the adapter works and the lack of a complete electrical path through the adapter, the surge will stop there.
The AC end of a typical adapter includes a diode bridge to convert the AC to raw DC, then a capacitor to store the DC energy during the gap between half cycle peaks of the supply. The capacitor presents semi-smoothed DC to an inverter driver that typically oscillates at a few tens of kHz to drive the primary of a small transformer. As this drive is at a substantially higher frequency than the mains, the transformer can be fairly small.
The secondary of the transformer goes through another diode bridge and into a further capacitor that produces a relatively smooth DC output. The output is monitored and compared with a reference (a zener diode) and the result fed back through an optical isolator to throttle the driver circuit to the transformer to keep output voltage at the correct level. This approach allows power supplies to operate seamlessly over an input voltage range of around 100 to 250 volts. (Early computer power supplies used to have a switch to allow the supply to work at 100 to 120 volts or 200 to 240 volts. If the switch was in the wrong position serious damage could occur.)
With modern adapters, common mode surges where both live and neutral experience the same surge pulse have no effect, and it is only when an extreme surge of tens of thousands of volts occurs that this can jump across from the transformer primary to its secondary, and then it would only be dangerous to a laptop if there was a path to ground through the PC.
A differential surge of perhaps 500 volts or more might fuse the diode bridge on the AC input, damage the input capacitor or the driver circuits, but this would normally cause only one cycle of surge into the transformer before the input circuits failed. With the high frequencies used in the transformer and the capacitor on the output side of the adapter, any differential voltage surge on the output should be less than a volt peak on the output and not cause any damage to the laptop itself.
In over 25 years of using these small power adapters with phone, tablets, routers, laptops, external disk drives, and more recently with some desktop PCs I have only had one adapter fail. This was on a router. I contacted the manufacturer to see if they could supply a replacement. They did, and they even did it free of charge.
If lightning strikes the incoming supply, then there is very little a surge suppressor or power adapter can do, and any device that provides an ongoing path to ground is likely to get fried."