well thats realtive to the car. at least i think that what you call it.You are talking about panning technique, like this:
relative to the ground, it basically is rotating about the pivot of where the wheel is touching the road. so its not pivioting around the axel, its technically pivoting around the part of the wheel that touches the ground.
to achieve this, the picture is taken with the camera not moving.
just to clarify, if something is spinning, a wheel, the relative (tangental?) speed is greater the farther out from the axis. so if you went 5in out from the center, it could be moving at 5mph, but if you went out 10in it could be moving at 10mph. (those speeds are not correct but you get the idea)
it happens like this, if the wheel pivots from the bottom (contact between wheel and ground) and you spun it around that pivot, the farther out from the pivot, the faster the tangential speed is. so if from the center of the wheel we measured the tangental velocity of the outer ege to be X and then we changed the axis from the center to the outside of the rim the center of the rim would be moving at X as wheel since it is the same distance between the center and outside of the rim. but if we still rotated it around the outside of the rim, and the center rotated at X m/s the direct opposite side (on the outer rim directly oposite the piviot on the outer rim) it would be moving at 2X m/s.
so, through my bad explanation, if you take a pic, while holding the camera stationary, the bottom of the rim, should appear almost stationary, while the top should appear at twice the speed of the center of the wheel rotating around the bottom.
so you get a pic of a wheel, where the bottom is clear, and the top is blurry.
ya i did a bad job explaining that. you learn this in the first semester of physics.