The 10 second penalty doesn't affect anything, it is largely symbolic. It does make it clear that the stewards judgement was that there was fault on the part of Max.
I've seen both points of view expressed re the incident with Lewis overtaking Max and in my opinion Lewis would have gone by to the side of Max if Verstappen hadn't slowed very abruptly and more than what normally would be expected. It applies regardless of whether or not Lewis and/or Max was informed that the stewards had ordered for Lewis to be given the position back. Lewis came up on Max very quickly but why would he be prepared for Max slowing more than any reasonable driver would do under those circumstances? Call it brake testing or not, it was unexpected and unpredictable. If Max had a mechanical failure then he would pull to the side of the track and not continue to run in the middle of the track. He stayed in the middle of the track therefore Lewis or any other driver coming up on him would reasonably assume that he was at racing pace or near enough to it. These drivers don't pull over to pass until the last minute in order to obtain the best draft. Lewis therefore came up to Max very rapidly and the slowing that Max did, beyond what Lewis would reasonably expect, resulted in the impact.
That is my logic, anyway. I think that in this instance Max was at fault, but he really lost nothing as a result, and neither did Lewis. The outcome is what would have anyway occurred given the performance of the cars and condition of the tires during the latter stages of the race.
I don’t agree with you in the slightest, and I want to know why the FIA and the stewards did not penalise Bottas for breaching the rules and purposely hanging off the safety cars pace to allow Lewis to have a free pit stop. Even the Sky presenters stated he was cheating.