I am sure you can guess which way that went...
I admit I never read much X-Men. I prefer solo characters to team based books and began reading Wolverine simply because I saw the 1982 mini series in a comic shop and thought "Oh weird guy with eyepatch and claws what's up with that?"Logan was beaten up, drugged and experimented upon against his willIs he like Snake Plissken?
I pretty much stuck to Wolverine's book for almost 20 years, but was peripherally aware of the X-Men themselves. So I basically read the "outer core" X-Men book.
All that said, I'm unable to answer your question if Claremont ever had Logan mention Weapon X by name; I do remember Department H and Canadian military, but am fuzzy on the name Weapon X so I do not know if WX is Claremont's invention or that of Barry Windsor-Smith.
Thanks for clarifying.
Btw, you just reinforced my point about better stories focus on less characters which is why despite it's disregard for source material, which every X-Men movie is guilty of, this is why X-Men 1 & 2 shine in the spectrum of XM movies. They also have a vibe (environment based on multiple factors) that went poof in Last Stand and especially in First Class and some of the others but I felt was restored in the Origins Wolverine movie, but alas I'm repeating myself.