Well, this question confuses me just a bit. M1 uses the Arm instruction set architecture. Anyone can get a license from Arm for that architecture, and make a chip. Cloning the M1 microarchitecture is a different matter. Someone could reverse engineer the M1 netlist (would be an expensive undertaking) and clone it, sure. They’d presumably still need an Arm license. But in doing so they may very well infringe Apple’s patents, to the extent Apple has patented things that it does in the M1 circuitry.
The original AMD clone of intel’s chip was done with Intel’s permission at the insistence of IBM, who demanded Intel allow it so they could have a second source of chips. At least that’s the story I heard (it was before my time). So that’s a different situation.
I'm always amused by the x86 clone and PC histories. Bill Gates basically robbed IBM through a bad licensing deal while now you say that IBM screwed Intel into giving up its copyrights. It's almost unimaginable that such smart business people could make such horribly bad decisions. That's why I asked the question about the cloning potential with ARM clones of the M1 chip.
Clearly the proprietary T2 chip and some other additives make this nearly impossible, but then I thought, well my 2010 Mac Pro doesn't have a T2 chip and still works just fine, so it makes one wonder about the possibilities. I refuse to believe that TSMC is doing something that no other company can do. I just believe Intel is so poorly managed that they cannot until it was flaunted in their face and PC centric publications like PC Mag and Tom's Hardware ridiculed them in serious benchmarks.
And finally patenting the hell out of things was definitely one of Steve Jobs talents. Makes you wonder if Tim Cook actually did that or not. It's certainly not something career wise that's in his wheel house.