How is sideloading a signed app directly from a developer's website any risk of fragmention, forks, etc? MacOS, Windows, Linux all seem to exist just fine allowing this?
The mental gymnastics that people go through to defend Apple's app install monopoly are astounding.
Sure, but we're not talking about sideloading in this case... I don't have any objections to that at all, but that's not what's at stake here.
Just to be clear, I'm not talking about fragmentation in terms of versions and forks, in the way that the term has often been applied to Android devices. This is about having to deal with separate and distinct app
marketplaces. While that's not necessarily what this North Dakota bill is explicitly pushing for, as of course the language is vague and it's primarily about preventing Apple from forcing developers to use the App Store, it would almost certainly be the end result, since most developers aren't going to do very well if they're expecting users to download their apps manually and sideload them on their devices. Competing app marketplaces would begin to pop up in no time at all to make it easier for developers to sell their apps and easier for users to install them.
Plus, Google already allows sideloading, and yet this bill encompasses the Google Play Store as well. There's an argument to be made that forcing users to jump through the hoops of sideloading in order to install apps from other sources could constitute "retaliation against a developer for choosing to use an alternative application store" by deliberately making it a more difficult experience.
Epic Games pointedly told Apple that it wants to run its own app store, with all of the same capabilities that Apple's App Store has on iOS. It would be a parallel app marketplace, and based on Epic's past history, there's no reason to assume that the company wouldn't try to entice other developers into its fold, promising lucrative deals in exchange for them selling their apps exclusively on Epic's store. Others would undoubtedly follow suit, and suddenly finding apps and keeping them updated would potentially involve having a half-dozen or more "app stores" installed on your devices.
From a purely pragmatic business point of view, there's nothing wrong with this, as it's just how the free market economy works. From a user experience point of view, however, it would get messy. I'm not even defending Apple here — the App Store as it stands has more than its share of problems that seriously need to be addressed, and maybe if Apple wasn't being so arrogant and intransigent we wouldn't even be having this discussion. I'm merely saying that there are benefits to having a single, unified App Store.