Can someone explain, why would a company with majority of its R&D spent in US, and purchase component from Global sources, need to pay Tax in France? And What % does it need to pay?
The answer to your questions is, it depends.
Income tax accounting can be complicated, especially when multiple tax jurisdictions are involved. But a couple of basic concepts applied by the tax policies of most advance economies are these: (1) Value creation and (2) Permanent Establishment.
Generally speaking, income taxes are applied where value is created, not necessarily where purchases are made. That isn't because of companies using loopholes, that's a fundamental implementation concept which various tax jurisdictions have essentially agreed on. It's done that way for good reasons, and tax jurisdictions choose that basic model because they believe it's to their benefit. They get to tax economic activity that happens within their jurisdiction based on value being created there (they wouldn't want to to lose that tax revenue just because products got sold in other jurisdictions), and they also get to - if they choose to - capture tax revenue from sales transactions that happen within their jurisdictions by applying sales taxes or VATs. It's win-win for the tax man.
So, you're right, to the extent we're talking about products being designed in the U.S., and embodied IP being owned in the U.S., we're talking about value being created in the U.S. and (income) taxable by the United States. (To be clear, Apple's R&D expenses are largely shared with its Irish subsidiaries.)
But some of the value created can occur in other nations such as France. For instance, if Apple has retails stores in France then those stores can themselves make money. There is some value creation there. It's comparable to a third-party store making money selling products, to include Apple products. The share of Apple profits fairly attributable to retail stores is relatively small though. Those stores are, in effect, not realizing large retail margins on the Apple products they sell, so they aren't really as profitable as they might otherwise be. The money is mostly made selling Apple products to the retail stores. And Apple has comparable third-party sales to use in determining favorable transfer pricing which complies with the arms-length principles that many tax jurisdictions require to be applied. But, regardless, Apple still likely shows some profit from its retail stores. Other kinds of operations - e.g. distribution centers or sales promotions operations - can also mean some amount of value creation in other jurisdictions.
That kind of value creation depends largely on the concept of permanent establishments. A company like Apple can sell into a country or it can sell in a country. Generally speaking, selling into a country doesn't create taxable income there. It means not having a permanent establishment there that is doing the business. If a company does have a permanent establishment (e.g. a retail store or a distribution center) there, then it can sell in the country through that establishment. That establishment (or multiple establishments) can create some value in the country. It represents economic activity which is occurring in the country, rather than stuff just being sold into the country. What is considered a permanent establishment depends on the tax policies of the relevant jurisdiction.
Anyway, the point is that Apple likely does make some relatively small amount of income in France. Just selling stuff there doesn't make that the case. Selling into France (e.g. US Apple selling products to Apple stores in France) doesn't represent economic activity which, under general income tax policies, is taxable. But to the extent Apple has permanent establishments in France, they are engaging in economic activity which might produce taxable income.
To be clear, here I'm only talking about income tax concepts in broad strokes. I'm not trying to get into the details of the tax policies of particular jurisdictions. I'm not familiar enough with the specifics of, e.g., French income tax policies to describe how they work beyond the basic concepts which are in play.
