To explain semi-technically, the GPS signal is so weak on cell phone type receivers, they can't just use one receiver. Rather, they use GPU-like techniques to process and decode the signal literally tens of thousands of times, then compare the thousands of solutions to pick out the most likely position. Thus GPS reception takes thousands of times more energy than relatively straightforward Bluetooth or Wi-Fi reception.
Keywords: massive parallel correlation.
"thousands of times more energy"
I highly doubt that. Would love to have some hard data on this.