The article wasn't trying to help you with your external, though the content is applicable to externals and internals. I was only trying to correct things that article said.
About bootable external clones .....this thread, and your difficulties using CCC to make an external bootable clone, illustrate perfectly why Mike Bombich has relegated bootable clones to legacy and made the -Data volume clone to be the default mode, as per
the article I linked earlier. Migrating from a -Data only clone is much more reliable and what Apple uses for a Time Machine restore (TM backups are also -Data vol only). It doesn’t take a whole lot longer to restore and migrate.
Bootable clones have become more and more problematical with the SSV and Apple Silicon. Over the past two years both CCC and SD has been a cycle of works/doesn’t work, with a lot of variability in individual experiences, as this thread illustrates.
Mike Bombich recognised this, but Dave Nanian persisted, (but see below). They both have to use the Apple proprietary System Replicator tool onto a freshly erased destination. I don’t believe SD has any magic that CCC doesn’t.
As I said in post#2 I don’t use bootable clones but I have been testing bootable clones using both CCC and SD during the past two years and before out of interest, and for threads like this one. Sometimes they have worked and sometimes they haven’t. Just did two tests:
Test 1. CCC. I plugged a Samsung T5 into my M1 MBA and erased it with Disk Utility. Then did a CCC Legacy Bootable backup of the internal Ventura 13.0.1 with CCC version 6.1.4b3 (7425) The resulting ‘bootable’ clone would not boot. Got message that “The version of macOS on the selected disk needs to be reinstalled”.
Test 2. Superduper! I then started again and used Superduper! 3.7 (v126). First surprise was that the default mode is now also to copy only the Data volume. To make a bootable copy you are instructed to change the default options to “Erase <destination name>”….in other words the same as CCC does. I went ahead and did that with exactly the same result as CCC.
Todays tests are just more evidence supporting Mike Bombich’s opening words in the link:
"Copying Apple's system is now an Apple-proprietary endeavor; we can only offer "best effort" support for making an external bootable device on macOS Big Sur (and later OSes). We present this functionality in support of making ad hoc bootable copies of the system that you will use immediately (e.g. when migrating to a different disk, or for testing purposes), but we do not support nor recommend making bootable copies of the system as part of a backup strategy".