First off, you're comparing increased sizes of the same product in notebooks. But an iPod touch is not a small iPad - it's an iPod touch. They serve different purposes - hence why I own both an iPad and an iPhone - I don't use them for the same things. Nobody who's looking for an iPod is going to go and buy an iPad in the same way that nobody who's after a minivan is going to buy a truck.
As for comparing an adaptor to a tablet, I think you're trying to draw a lesson there that you can't. Think about the economics of it. Apple is the only company that makes Lightening to 30 pin adaptors. They can charge what they like because they have no competition. But they are not the only company that makes tablets so they have to be competitive. I'm not saying they will compete only on price - I think the iPad will be slightly more expensive than a similarly spec'd competitor tablet - but they still need to be reasonable because there's only so much that the market will bare.
yes they serve different purposes but essentially what are they? an aluminum cased touch screen device, it doesn't matter what you use it for, but you have to look at what inherent bases of the different products, and all 3 would share the same base, an aluminum cased touch screen device at 3 different screen sizes. there fore a 4in device is less than 7.85 which is less than 9in.... an if your going to try comparing apple to their competitors, yes they are not the only company that makes tablets, but the ipad has been higher priced that other tablets for the same specs since its release...explain to me how its ok to have an ipad at $500 when similarly spec'd tablets are ~$200 cheaper, but its not ok/likley to have a smaller 7.85 in tablet at a higher price than simliarly spec'd tablets...they do it with the ipad, why not ipad mini? you really think people wont buy the ipad mini? people will buy it because of the ecosystem, ease of use, and the list goes on...
Nope, apple is requiring permission from third parties for the new lightning cables and adaptors because they don't won't them making cheap versions which could possibly mess up an iOS device. I've read third party 30 pin dock connectors have messed up devices before.
There are already cheap cables that will only charge the device, but will not sync...once knock off companies in china can duplicate the chip in the apple cables, it wont be long before you see fully functioning cables..and if you honestly think apple isnt licensing the new lightning cables/adapters because they are scared it might mess up ios devices then you havnt heard of capitalism...easiest way for apple to make money: have a monopoly on lightning accessories.