woohoo, thread fork.
since we're still speaking some cray, I had this in the picture thread, but this was me and a cray 2 (and a x/mp in the background) that I worked on "back in the day".
Looks cool!
There's one or two PC companies that make fully emersed case systems, and I think Armari's even runs with flourinert:
http://www.armari.co.uk/xcp-gallery.asp
Though it was only prototype as the coolant itself made the machine too expensive (!!)
Hardcore computing has a machine that is retail available that is fully immersed:
http://www.hardcorecomputer.com/
The thermal properties of the cheaper mineral oil coolant in Hardcore's must be waaay lower though because they do immersion AND convective, which seems odd. "Core Coolant is a mineral-oil-like substance that's approximately 750 times denser than air and can store twice as much heat per unit of mass"
"On Reactor, the thermal interface between the CPU and its heat sink is made of indium, which is simple to install and transfers heat extremely well"
Anyonne know the thermal properties of Indium vs copper? I don't have the time to sort past the copper-indium-gallium stuff to dig it out.
Very cool links! I'm not sure I follow the convection remark though. And I dunno too much about indium other than it's atomic number is 49.
But all my ramblings so far have been on the assumption that only certain parts CPU, ChipSet, GPU, Maybe RAM, should be submerged. For the rest air-cooling is good enough.
Well, there are 8GHz overclocks at
the Overclocking World Records data base.
However, we talking about CPUs and these things currently (speaking of usual INTEL, AMD chips) achieve maybe 70GFlops. The REAL speed bump is offered by using GPUs, then we talk about 1TFlop (GTX285) and more! Another reason why Apple should include high-end GPUs in the future for their OpenCL support, IMO.
And besides of that, the Software is an issue here. Currently except for 3D rendering, some video and audio Software and a few games nothing takes advantages of multi-threading. While we are beginning to talk and want GPU based apps they try to catch up on old CPU tech - multi-threading is basically done since the 1960s and now consumer get the flavour, what a shame.
Besides of the optimization for multi-threading - and there are is not much Software which scalars up from two to xx threads, meaning they often optimized only for 2 or 4 cores, not for 8, 16, 32 and so on - Software also can and has to be optimized for certain CPU features, like SSE.
So, before jumping on high GHz, start optimize first.
I think vendors have already done most of the "optimizing" for MT that they're going to do. As you say it's already old - so where we are is likely to be about where we'll stay for a good while longer in that regard. But almost all software will benefit immediately from higher clocks. We can get higher clocks by addressing the cooling issues. I think a hybrid system with some components submerged or encapsulated within a flow chamber and the rest of the system air-cooled would be the way to go.
Hm, the basic question of cooling a computer is in the end why they can´t cool them to ambient temps. And the answer is simple anyway. As you run the computer, the ambient temp will increase (you have to cool chipsets, HDDs, even SSDs, GPUs, PSUs, everything which works on electricity also) over time, so you have to cool that down, which leads to air conditioners. My computers run the whole day and at summer days with up to 100°F (and inside rooms even more) I like to use an air conditioner to get at least down to 76°F.
So, while the computers may get more "green" currently, all the energy saving is obsolete at least for my work and home place.
Thus the hybrid idea. Fans will take care of ambient temperatures for SOHO systems as they currently do.
Putting such a large die on flex PCB may have some significant issues with thermal cycling though, even in immersion.

By no means as bad as if it weren't though. Now
that would be horrible IMO.
It's meant to flex afterall...

(BTW, I'm thinking in terms of temp differential from the backside compared to the die surface). With less structual integrity of the laminate, I'd be concerned cycling would break the solder joints (direct or socket mount, though the socket may be less so) over time, and a notable shorter functional lifespan compared to FR4 of proper thickness for the application. Not true DOA, but effectively the same, as electronic repairs aren't common anymore.

So no one locally available to resolder (likely), assuming there's no damaged traces.
Right. The die itself only has connections on the perimeters (kinda like shown in the images below added for the sake of example: charge encoder, DDR2 DAC, AMD QuadCore) so a FCB or even just a different kind of packaging could be employed to allow both sides to be submerged. This is the entire reasoning I'm using here as well. I want the CPU up off the fiberglass board so we can submerge just it. Of course this part of the discussion is only a dream and came up just as an example of now negligent CPU chip manufacturers are about cooling, and some simple remedies.
It's a dream not because it can't be done or even that it's not already being done. COG and OLB mounting is commonplace in LCD designs. It's a dream simply because Intel and AMD are not currently doing that with their processor products. WB (Wire Bondning) or FCB (Flip Chip Bonding) on FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) SMT (Surface-Mount Tech) are better alternatives to PoP (Package on Package) mounting when it comes to submersion cooling but certainly not the only alternatives available. I think many of the AMD graphic cards are already using WB --> BGA (Ball Grid Array) PoP surface mounting and giving us a closer access. They're just still on thick-ass fiber glass ML boards. And it's still PoP right?

Or at least it looks like that [WB board level to a BGA SMT package] to me, I'm not sure:
I can just see something like this on a thinner substrate base like maybe that used in FPC SMT. Ever been to a prototronica convention like Semicon West or other? AP (Advanced Packaging) is fun stuff man!

There's a few annual shows in Nagoya the manufacturing capitol of Japan, where I live, that I get invites to. I dig it anyway... I know, I'm such a nerd...
Hmm... I'm sensing you're drooling all over yourself!
From a practical perspective, I do wonder how many non enthusiast users would like to have to deal with immersion. Even techs/IT,... in a professional environment. So I'd prefer to keep it to a closed loop system, for practicality sake, and ease of maintenance.
Not really drooling as much as bitching. I thought of this in the early 80's. It's being done in other areas. Why not for PC's? Grr... If it were, then 6 and 8 GHz would already be the target point instead of Intel's now very tired looking 3 GHz. So my bitching really has little to do with the overclocking enthusiasts. All this should be just as transparent to the user as air cooling is now - or even more so.
I do think either is quite possible though, and with temps getting to the point of necessitation, something along these lines will exist. Thus economy of scale kicks in, and we can afford it.
I can imagine cases where one of the side panels becomes a passive radiator (for reduced noise, lower complexity). The surface area should be sufficient to work, and low noise has it's market.

Personally, the lowered complexity may make it more attractive, but I'm not sure about the cost on it, as aluminum extrusion of an size/weight isn't exactly cheap. Forged may be a possibility as well, especially for internal facing (pressed fins in a grooved plate). Simple, easy, and should be inexpensive.
But I still like the idea of the cold plate example I linked previously. I'm thinking it has the right balance of compromise of adequate performance (enough overhead to last a good while), uses existing technology and manufacturing techniques (time to availability could be weeks, and no manufacturing equipent to invent) , and cheap enough to make the business side happy.
Sort of thinking out loud, so I hope it makes sense.
Yeah, both are better ideas than we're currently forced to deal with. Neither requires a very specialized process really.
http://www.asymtek.com/ We can currently chip-shoot (print) or mount onto just about any surface material. how the heat is carried away is not as important as it actually
being carried away. Currently manufacturers would have us believe that we're stuck at around 3GHz because of thermal dynamic coefficients but I say they're doing a bit of wankery. As TheSilencer keeps pointing out; even sunday garage hacks
can do better and to a great benefit! Imagine if that were mainline instead of hack-line.
The way it is now is retarded. Basically what they're telling us is: "If it's too hot, blow on it.". My gawd man... LOL
BTW, has anyone in the public eye ever admitted trying "flourinert" to cool their PC? I haven't looked but I will from now. If you guys find anything or know of anyone, post it up. It would be interesting to see the results.
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