No
@svenning. I've done a bit of recreational work in this area and this is my knowledge...
The device could make a blueprint describing the image's shapes, lines, and colors. That is coded into a hash that is compared with other images. Someone could change the pixels to a certain degree, but think of it this way... imagine a circle with a few pixels missing. Your mind can fill in the blank and still understand that it's a circle, right?
Image processing and machine learning works the same way. Computers have been trained to analyze shapes and patterns and fill in the altered or missing content to be extremely close to the original.
But I'm guessing that for privacy, the original photo hash is one way and cannot be decrypted to restore or attempt to recreate the original photo.
But I have no idea what Apple is actually doing.