But that is quite clearly the case since they know that a random person cannot be legally in possession of a prototype iPhone.
Not if you make the argument that they didn't know it was a prototype. Could they have suspected? Sure. But until they further analyzed it, they could have simply have assumed it was a very elaborate knock-off. The issue of whether or not they knew is far more of a gray area than you're making it out to be.
Patents don't come into play. If there are any Apple patents in the iPhone, Apple must have gone to the patent office and registered the patents and everyone and their dog can visit a website and download the contents of those patents. Knowledge about a patent is intentionally open to everyone. Actually _using_ a patent requires a license from the patent holder.
Given that the iPhone prototype is almost fully functional from the reports we've seen, of course there are patented technologies present within the prototype, AND licenses for said patents would be necessary, because the phone is in use (by testers, as we've obviously seen/heard).
Or did Steve sprinkle magic pixie dust to allow it to make wireless transmissions solely via "magic"?
But because the phone was stolen, it was illegal to open it and look inside and discover trade secrets in that way.
If they hadn't attempted to plug it into iTunes, etc., and had simply disassembled it, the counterargument could have been that they couldn't verify its authenticity until it had been disassembled (a perfectly valid argument). However, the fact that iTunes recognized it as such, throws a damper on that idea. Although I guess an argument that it could have been a very elaborate hoax using a 3Gs could still be made...
You have the right to go to the nearest Apple Store, buy an iPhone, take it apart (because it is yours) and post on the Internet what you find. You don't have the right to do that with a stolen phone.
Eh... that's another gray area too... If someone comes to you and says "Hey man, I have some "hot" merchandise for you...", and you willingly purchase it solely with the intent of trying to return it to the rightful owners, you are not breaking the law (at least not in California).
Now, say you obtain said merchandise. However, there's no obvious signs of who the former owner may have been. Ideally you would contact the police, report the stolen item, turn it over to them, and let it be. However, there may be some areas of "exploration" of said merchandise allowed, if doing so allows you to return it to the rightful owner.
Under the circumstances where "exploration" of said merchandise can potentially yield the rightful owner, I don't see posting said information on the internet is illegal. That having been said, when it comes to the concept of a phone, laptop, etc., I don't think disassembly would be covered. Turning it on, looking for information related to the owner, that's probably legal. Otherwise, yeah...