Seems you guys may have it easier somewhat.
To get your Learners in South Australia you need to first pass a test which is split into two parts; Give Ways questions and just general questions. You must answer all four Give Way questions correctly.
Give it a go. If you fail you must wait two weeks.
Now you should have your temporary (30 days) Learner license. You should have your real license once you have your eyes tested.
After all that you have two choices to get your 1st Provisional license. There are some requirements you must meet; at least 50 hours driving (it may have gone up since last July though) and you must pass CBT (Competency Based Training) or VORT (Vehicle On Road Test).
You can do the VORT any time with an instructor but you still must drive for 50 hours. The CBT requires either a licensed driver (who has not been on their 2nd Provisional license for two years) or an instructor to check certain skills several times.
If you chose the CBT then at that end you must still go through a test similar to the VORT (as stupid as it is), but without certain skills such as reverse parallel parking involved (tight schedule, already done it several times over the 50 hours, etc.). If you pass with an 80% or above, you get your 1st Provisional license. If you fail then you have to wait a certain amount of time.
After a year on your 1st Provisional license you can go for another test to get your 2nd Provisional license. It's called the Hazard Perception Test, it's all done on computer. If you pass then you get your 2nd Provisional license.
Then I reckon after another year you can go and get your full license. That is unless of course you've had any demerit points which push you back a few steps (eg. from 1st Provisional to Learners).
Currently I am on my 1st Provisional license and have been since February. I passed all tests first time.
If you want to know restrictions; a Learner must have a licensed adult (two years off their 2nd Provisional license) in the car at all times, they are speed limited to 80kmph, and they must display an "L plate"; a 1st Provisional is speed limited to 100kmph and they must display a "P plate"; and 2nd Provisional licensees don't have any restrictions other than they don't yet have their full license yet.