All GPS Satellites send out a signal.. your iphone picks up a bunch of signals (as many as it can) and uses them to triangulate your position... I'm pretty sure you need atleast 3 to accurately (tri)angulate anything..
As far as your gps system is concerned you could be anywhere in the world so it takes some time for it to figure out where you are.
The A in A-GPS is your phone using the cell towers/wifi hotspots in order narrow your location down to a few miles and take some of the guesswork/processing time away from the gps software.
Correct.
the whole turning on and off the gps chip doesn't make sense to me... I'm guessing the gps antenna/chip does not suck up tremendous amounts of power... I'm making that assumption because my crappy mio 310x gps unit in my car can run on battery for 2 hours and it weighs quite a bit less than the iphone *likely due to a smaller battery*
The GPS chip DOES use alot of power, so it is very advantageous to use it as little as possible.
My theory is only a theory, but I still wouldn't be surprised if they are not keeping the gps chip on 100% of the time.
P.S. a quick and easy way to test your theory would be to grab a first generation iphone and check to see how accurate its location services are... I'm pretty sure cell towers will still give you the 1/2 mile diameter circle and not pinpoint your location...
Yeah I doubt the 1st gen would give you much better accuracy than that (I've never used one), but that still wouldn't test my theory. My theory is that the maps app on the 3g is using that 1/2 mile radius initially, turning on the gps, grabbing a quick fix, then turning off the gps for a bit (either time based or it analyzes the estimated position movement from your cell tower data) and turns it back on when it thinks your position error has become too high.
Now, I haven't worked with GPS too much, but I'm guessing that this would be possible. Basically, the original iphone can estimate your location using the cell towers. I believe it uses some sort of time of flight to the towers, but I'm not positive. Let's just assume it is a TOF based approach because how it gets the location data from the towers is irrelevant. So, the original iphone has to take a guess at your location based on the TOF to (probably 3) towers. Then, it can estimate movement by how the TOF data changes as you move. This is how the 1st gen works. Now, imagine if once it estimated your location originally, you had a GPS on to correct the positioning error (as in the 3g phone) - you could know exactly how "off" your TOF data is. Once you know the error in the TOF data, you can make the appropriate tweaks to this TOF data, then, you can turn off the GPS and use the corrected TOF data to track your position. The position information won't be as accurate as GPS on all the time (and will get worse with time, especially as you move) but it will save lots of battery by having the GPS chip off. After a certain amount of time, or after some analysis of the TOF data (and error estimation) the GPS could be turned back on to readjust the TOF error and then can be turned back off. I think that doing this is one of the neat features of AGPS, but again, I'm not an expert and this is really only a theory. In theory, I think a method like this can be used to save battery and still provide relatively accurate position data, but I have no idea if the iphone is definitely using the AGPS in this way for the maps app.