I ran into the same issue last night on my genuine MacBook 12" 2016. There was a problem that might have triggered this error. My guess is I had a firmware password set and didn't disable it prior to installation, thus EFI update couldn't work. High Sierra performs an EFI update to enable APFS
I did a clean install anyway so I formatted my SSD to HFS+ journaled. Then ran High Sierra installer from USB-drive. The first attempt failed and produced the same error the OP had above.
This was my approach.
1. Make sure you have firmware password
disabled.
2. Use MacOS Sierra 10.12.x (or earlier?) recovery/install USB-drive.
3. Boot from Sierra Recovery (hold Option-Key after reboot)
4. Open Disk Utility, format entire SSD to HFS journaled, run first aid. Shutdown Mac.
5. Reset NVRAM and SMC
6. Install High Sierra from USB-drive again. If you get the error again (I did), abort and shutdown.
7. Boot from Recovery on your SSD. High Sierra should have installed it. (Hold Command-R after reboot)
8. Open Disk Utility and format entire SSD again to HFS+ journaled.
9. Reboot. Your Mac is bricked now.
10. Boot from Sierra 10.12.x Recovery USB drive
11. Open Disk Utility and NOW you should see an EFI partition which is unmounted (was in my case).
12. Mount the EFI partition. The EFI partition will disappear. Format SSD again to HFS journaled
13. Install High Sierra from USB-drive. This time it should work.
What a hilarious nightmare... Thanks Apple!