Generally if a serial number or imei number is retrievable we will post it on GCIC as lost/recovered. We may also post on social media items found if we think that could help where an owner may be identified. Sometimes the phone will have a message on it for times when the phone is lost etc. Also we may call a carrier if we can determine which one it is and let them know we have the phone and provide the imei number to them. Many times they can call the owner and let them know. As far as search warrants, on lost and or abandoned property there are exceptions to that rule as we are acting in a community caretaker role.
You make a good point about social media, which is a great way to reach out to the Community for a lost item and ultimately is a huge resource for staying up-to-date on current events.
But being The amount of private and confidential information on ones cellular device in today's world, it's nothing more than opening a portal for someone trying to burn an Officer/Department for trying to do a good service If the Phone is tampered in any fashion. I think it's necessary for a Department having restrictions on logging the phone into evidence and leaving it there, with no further action taken past that, mainly being the unknown ramifications that binds Officers to unnecessary issues or investigations for what someone might "Claim", which now causes a rift over something so minor.
The Only time I would tamper with somebody's cell phone without a warrant, would be for exigent circumstances and nothing more. (Of course, All agencies will vary pending P&P.)
On a side note, I would say the times I have had phones turned in, have all been claimed without reaching out to the owner within hours.
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