Yes light is a packet of energy called "quanta" or a string of beads called photon.
Given the above, how is Apple manipulating those at the quantum level?
The backlight is usually florescent tubes emitting white light.
Did you mean they have some soft of filter that accentuates the red in the backlight?
Well... no.
LED backlight is not a fluorescent tube. You're thinking of gas-discharge light, but LED is not gas-discharge. LED works on the principle of electrically exciting diodes and causing them to release photons. Hence the name: Light-Emitting Diode.
The simpler version of it is this:
1) Give energy to electron, thus exciting it.
2) Excited electron tries to go back to ground level (stable), so it has to emit energy.
3) Emitted energy turns into photons
By controlling the energy level, they can control the wavelength of the photon, thus they can control the emitted light color.
Higher energy levels will release blue and UV colors.
Lower energy levels will release red and IR colors.
Mid energy levels will release green colors.
Also to consider the polarizer (think of a polarizer as a "light filter"), Apple could have gone the opposite direction: increase all light equally, and then filter out more green and blue light. That would have made the backlight white, but based on the energy levels discussed above, it would have increased power consumption in the Retina display. The more practical answer is to increase red instead, since red doesn't require a lot of energy.
On a side note, a photon is a particle/wave. It's not a string, nor is it a particle (bead), nor is it a wave. It has some properties of a wave, and some of a particle, but it's not a particle nor a wave. So it's not a string either. Every "particle" that we observe at the lowest level (electrons, protons, neutrons) are also particle/wave. So the reality is that people are not made of super small dots/balls/beads.
"Quanta" is just the plural of "quantum". It doesn't really have anything to do with light.
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