I find it disappointing to hear Carl Icahn refer to Tim Cook as "doing a great job" because Icahn places zero value on the concepts that made Apple great in the first place, like engineering and innovation. I realize that Cook was caught between a rock and a hard place in dealing with someone like him, but one has to believe (IMO, at least) that there was still enough money to both meet the short-term needs of noisy shareholders (to put it as nicely as I can) and maintain proper R&D.
You're right not to worry. They're not related. Apple has plenty of money for the relatively low amount of R&D that they pay for.
As for acquisitions and stock related purchases/dividends, Apple has borrowed about $47 billion so far in the US to help cover such.
(Apple has to go into "debt" for that because they can't use the overwhelming majority of their cash hoard in the US, since most of it is kept "outside" the US. I put "outside" in quotes, because ironically their Irish shill company actually keeps almost all that money invested in US banks and Treasury notes, taken care of by a shill investment firm in Nevada.)
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