Apple is providing mostly stable platform APIs, but they never shy from removing old crap. That's why both iOS and macOS are lighter than many other OSes (see Windows for example of OS where backwards compatibility is taken to the extreme).
32-bit apps require 32-bit system libraries - and the downsides are:
- iOS has to include both 32 and 64 bit system libraries, increasing its size requirements
- when 32-bit app is running both 32 and 64 libraries will be in memory, leaving less memory to the rest of the OS / app and increasing battery load
- when first 32-bit app is launched the device will temporarily slow down due to iOS loading 32-bit libraries for the first time (and again, using extra battery)
Except that Swift apps include their own copy of libraries (about 20MB or so) and loading these would probably cause more batteries as well. I wonder why Apple doesn't include that warning as well (Warning: loading a Swift app may consume more battery.... ;-)