Because not all phones need that huge of a battery? Not to mention that large of a battery will take hours to charge. And that phone isn't even high end.
Also, the batteries ARE larger, compared to last years' models. Apple does not like the idea of throwing in massive batteries for the sake of it, when iOS is crazy optimized as is.
I honestly don't want to get into an argument, but everyone I know with an iPhone (granted, I don't know anyone with a pro model in real life, because over here you'd spend over $2000 for a pro model) has had issues with the battery life. I've had issues with iPhone 5s battery life since I have gotten it, the same with the people I know that have iPhone SE's and 13 mini. I myself have 12 mini and the battery runs out crazy fast, yet the battery health is 84%. My mom has Samsung Galaxy A51 and her battery lasts way longer than mine and she watches YouTube etc on her phone. My dad had iPhone 7 and now has the new iPhone SE and both of them have bad battery lives and his Samsung ( I don't know which model) lasts way longer. The batteries aren't that much larger and some phones with large batteries charge pretty fast. Especially Xiaomi phones.
I don't see iPhone being that much better optimised than mid-range Android phones. Android phones have always lasted longer when it comes to the battery life. The only reason why I picked iPhone was the updates + security updates and the speed. There might be exceptions as I don't know every Android phone, but from my experiences when it comes to Android phones they tend to be fast only in the beginning. My budget Motorola phone was fast in the beginning, but now it's crazy slow and not even factory resets help anymore. There are many benefits when it comes to owning an iPhone, but in my opinion and based on my experiences the battery life isn't one of those benefits. The battery lives on Android phones have always been better with the exception of Huawei Sonic, which I had back in 2011.