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My own research doesn't bear this out. Sure, depending on the conditions, it may be that if you take two pictures of the same thing with the two phones side by side that they won't be the same size. I'd be interested to know if you've tested that. But on average (and I compared average file sizes of the 4, 5 and 6 Plus for random groups of 200 images in my iPhoto library) there doesn't appear to be any significant difference between the 6 and earlier phones. I've heard people say that the 6 produced images that were half the file size of the previous phones, which what accounted for the loss of detail when zoomed, but this just does not appear to be true.

Yes, I did test that quite a bit. The same picture, same subject, lighting, etc, etc. came out up to 30% larger for the 5 vs the 6. 2.1mb vs 2.7mb for example.
 
Here's my anecdotal comparison. I tried to make the 6 and 5S pictures as close to the same as possible. I intentionally put the box at an angle to see the depth of field. This is simply two phones in the same place taking a picture of a box. I normally scrub the EXIF data but meh so you can see the details.

iPhone 6 with flash - 1,632 KB - IMG_3286.JPG
IMG_3286.JPG

iPhone 6 without flash - 1,765 KB - IMG_3287.JPG
IMG_3287.JPG

iPhone 5S with flash - 1,420 KB - IMG_0045.JPG
IMG_0045.JPG

iPhone 5S without flash - 1,315 KB - IMG_0046.JPG
IMG_0046.JPG
 
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