My own research doesn't bear this out. Sure, depending on the conditions, it may be that if you take two pictures of the same thing with the two phones side by side that they won't be the same size. I'd be interested to know if you've tested that. But on average (and I compared average file sizes of the 4, 5 and 6 Plus for random groups of 200 images in my iPhoto library) there doesn't appear to be any significant difference between the 6 and earlier phones. I've heard people say that the 6 produced images that were half the file size of the previous phones, which what accounted for the loss of detail when zoomed, but this just does not appear to be true.
Yes, I did test that quite a bit. The same picture, same subject, lighting, etc, etc. came out up to 30% larger for the 5 vs the 6. 2.1mb vs 2.7mb for example.